CYRUS MCCORMICK
Cyrus McCormick (SIGH rus - mac COR mik) grew up on a farm in
Virginia. His goal was to earn a million dollars. In 1833 that was a
lot of money. The average worker only earned a nickel an hour.
Twenty-six years later, he had earned a million dollars. He had
also changed the way people farmed, with his wheat harvester called
the reaper. Cyrus and his wife were very generous, sharing their
money with people who needed help.
Before his invention, a farmer could harvest only one to three
acres a day using a scythe * (SIGHTH). With the invention, a
farmer and a helper could harvest 12 acres a day!
He had invented the reaper when he was only 22 years old. His
father had tried for 15 years to invent a harvester, but had not been
able to build one successfully. He had made a lot of mistakes, but
young Cyrus learned from his father's mistakes. If a strand of wheat
got tangled in the machine, he would get down on his hands and knees to
look, until he found out exactly why it had tangled. He asked his
father if he could take over working on the invention. His father gave
his permission, but thought it was hopeless.
In just 2 months he was able to make a harvester. Some said it looked like a combination of a flying machine, a wheelbarrow, and a carriage * . When he tested it, he could harvest an acre an hour. (Remember, the old by-hand speed was one to three acres a day.)
He invited farmers to come and watch him work. They
thought it was just entertainment * . They would watch him harvest,
and then they would go home and use their old hand scythes. They would
say things like, "I'm running a farm, not a circus."
Cyrus decided he would get some of the successful farmers to
test his reaper. Maybe they would talk the other farmers into buying
a reaper of their own. He just could not interest them, so he decided
to work on it some more so it would work even better. He put a blade on
it which would chop the wheat off cleanly.
In 1843, another man, who was also making a reaper, challenged
him to a contest. They would see who could cut the most wheat. On
the day of the contest, it rained. The other man's reaper jammed and
wouldn't cut, but McCormick had designed his to cut in damp weather.
That year he sold 29 reapers and each year after that he
sold more and more. By 1850, he was selling 5,000 reapers a year.
His company became the International
Harvester Company in 1902.
At the time of his death in 1884, enough grain
was shipped from Chicago to bake 10 billion loaves of bread a year,
thanks to McCormick's invention.
